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Explain about Menorrhagia .... ? " munipalli akshay paul "

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Menorrhagia is the medical term for abnormally heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding. It is one of the most common types of abnormal uterine bleeding and can interfere with a person's physical, emotional, and social well-being.

Definition

Menorrhagia is typically defined as:

  • Menstrual bleeding lasting more than 7 days, or

  • Losing more than 80 mL of blood per cycle (though this is hard to measure, it's often estimated based on symptoms like soaking through pads or tampons hourly)

Common Symptoms

  • Bleeding that soaks through one or more pads or tampons every hour

  • Needing to use double sanitary protection

  • Getting up at night to change protection

  • Passing large blood clots

  • Menstrual periods lasting longer than a week

  • Fatigue or shortness of breath (from anemia due to blood loss)

Causes

Structural causes:

  • Uterine fibroids

  • Polyps

  • Adenomyosis

  • Uterine or cervical cancer (rare)

Non-structural causes:

  • Hormonal imbalances (especially estrogen-progesterone imbalance)

  • Ovulation dysfunction (common in teens and perimenopausal women)

  • Blood clotting disorders (e.g., von Willebrand disease)

  • Certain medications (e.g., anticoagulants, hormonal contraceptives)

  • Infections or chronic conditions (e.g., thyroid disorders, liver or kidney disease)

Diagnosis

  • Medical history and menstrual diary

  • Pelvic exam

  • Blood tests: Check for anemia, clotting disorders, thyroid function

  • Ultrasound: Detect structural abnormalities

  • Endometrial biopsy: Rule out cancer or hyperplasia

  • Hysteroscopy: Direct view of the uterus if needed

Treatment

Depends on cause, severity, and whether fertility is desired:

Medical treatments:

  • NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen): Reduce bleeding and cramping

  • Hormonal therapy:

    • Birth control pills or patches

    • Hormonal IUD (e.g., Mirena)

    • Progesterone pills or injections

  • Antifibrinolytics (e.g., tranexamic acid): Reduce bleeding

Surgical treatments (for structural or refractory cases):

  • Endometrial ablation: Destroys uterine lining (not for women planning pregnancy)

  • Myomectomy: Removes fibroids

  • Hysterectomy: Removal of uterus (definitive cure, for severe cases).


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